Not all headaches are migraines, and not all migraines cause headaches. However, they do have a lot in common and we are going to try to give you a simple explanation.

Headaches are some of the most common pains that exist and they tend to occur intermittently. Headaches, however unpleasant they may be, are not usually indicative of a serious health problem, but they can be a symptom of an underlying condition, so if they are recurrent, very intense or very frequent, then it is a good idea to see a doctor.

Headache

There are numerous causes for headaches, but the pain itself is caused by dilation of the arteries in the brain. The most common causes for headaches are:

• Stress.
• Hormonal changes. This means that are more common in women.
• Changes of climate and pressure.
• Alcohol abuse.
• A family history, with several members affected.
• Poor diet. Although there is no exact correlation, some foods can trigger the appearance of headaches. These include chocolate, bananas, dried fruits, vanilla, strong cheeses and fast food.
• Lack of or too much sleep.
• Vasodilatory drugs.
• High blood pressure.

They are less common in babies and become more frequent after puberty.

They can affect the whole head or just one area. They hurt to differing degrees and their duration is variable, however, they do not normally last for more than 24 hours. Their frequency is also variable, once or twice a month or very occasional.

According to the type of pain, headaches can be:

• Throbbing… If they come and go.
• Oppressive, like a tight helmet.
• Electrical, like shocks.
• Drilling, in a specific spot.

Treatments can vary depending on the type of headache and the triggering factor. They can be dealt simply by taking anti-inflammatories such as paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin, but in more serious or repetitive cases a different type of medication, which should be prescribed by a doctor, may be required.

Try to live an organised life and have your eyes checked regularly, particularly if you work with computers, in case you need prescription lenses or your prescription has changed. Neck problems and bad posture can also trigger headaches.

Migraine

Migraines are intense, throbbing headaches that occur frequently. They can affect just one side of the head or the entire head and, although they can come on suddenly, they are usually preceded by previous symptoms or warning signs such as nausea or transitory neurological symptoms (auras).

They are more common among young women and can disappear with age. There is also a significant family component.

The most painful type is the tension headache, which is caused by inflammation of the meninges which causes a painful sensation transmitted by the trigeminal nerve.

Factors causing a tendency to migraine are the same as tension headaches, although we would add that self-medication can aggravate the problem, depression and anxiety, some sleep disorders or weight and obesity issues.

Treatment for migraine is should be prescribed by a doctor, because such as repetitive and sometimes painful condition can have a detrimental impact on the patient’s quality of life, work and social relationships and requires suitable treatment.

To avoid headaches, try to eat and rest at regular times, do regular physical activity, eat a balanced diet and avoid smoking and alcohol. If you have any doubts, talk to your doctor.